Calculating RF Wavelengths

Calculating RF Wavelength

Why would you need to calculate RF wavelengths I hear you ask? Well, an antenna needs to best receive the intended frequencies, thus the length of RF waves impacts decisions being made during the design process. This means you need to understand the wavelength of the RF waves being generated in a given frequency.

There are 2 basic formulas you can use to calculate RF wavelength. One is used for feet and the other for metres.

The following post will provide the formulas you need, plus an Excel spreadsheet for calculating the wavelengths for each 20 MHz channel centre frequency in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.

802.11 channels work on a centre frequency. In the below spreadsheet, you will find the centre frequencies for each 20 MHz channel in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.

Wavelength Calculator

To calculate the wavelength in feet, the common formula is:

wavelength = 984 / frequency in MHz

The common formula to calculate the wavelength in metres is:

wavelength = 300 / frequency in MHz

 

So what are you waiting for? Get calculating!

Alternatively, you could give us a ring here at Geekabit – We are the Wi-Fi Expert afterall! With offices in Hampshire, London and Cardiff you could just get in touch with us and avoid the potential mathematical headache by letting us sort it out for you.

London Office: 0203 322 2443 /  [email protected]

Cardiff Office:  02920 676712 /  [email protected]

Winchester Office: 01962 657 390 /  [email protected]

https://www.cwnp.com/calculating_rf_wavelengths/

WiFi Faces Technical Challenges

The emerging wireless standard promises better WiFi but the promise introduces significant complexity.

IEEE 802.11 standards (g, a, n, ac) delivered WiFi performance improvements out of the box. They focused on progressively increasing the data rate over the wireless link. All that was needed to take advantage of any new standard, was a radio chipset that incorporated the new radio and MAC enhancements.

The situation is different for the upcoming 802.11ax standard. The focus of 802.11ax is not on increasing the data rate but on improving the overall wireless network performance. This introduces significant new radio and MAC enhancements such as OFDMA and BSS colouring.

Ranking high among the issues is a transmission-scheduling mechanism. The downlink transmission scheduling in WiFi has been a simple FIFO (First In First Out) system. 802.11e introduced a small variation regarding the maintenance of multiple transmission queues for different priority classes.

However, 802.11ax introduces significant complexity in wireless transmission scheduling due to its OFDMA and MU-MIMO enhancements.

  •  With MU-MIMO, there is now an option to transmit a single wireless frame to a single client or concurrently transmit different wireless frames to multiple clients using multi-user beamforming.
  • With OFDMA, there is now an option to transmit a single wireless frame to single client using traditional OFDM or concurrently transmit different wireless frames to multiple clients using subsets of channel width.
  • 802.11ax introduces multi-user transmission in uplink direction too. The AP needs to schedule multiple clients for concurrent uplink transmissions according to their requirements.

These methods need to take into account service requirements of traffic flows, radio conditions on the channel, client capabilities and client state feedbacks. It is no easy feat to come up with scheduling mechanisms that will work in most practical scenarios with relative ease of configuration and fine tuning.

Do you know the difference between mbps and mb?

Data and download speeds are all that we barter for when it comes using the internet nowadays. How much data you have is all the phone companies have left to reel you in with on a new offer. Lets break it all down and look at what the differences are.

A bit is the fundamental unit of information that we use in our computing and also in communications. The word ‘binary digit’ is shortened to form the word ‘bit’.  Therefore, we use bits in all our binary digit computations. The computation and communication here mean the digitals ones.

A byte is the unit of information that is used in digital fields and is equals eight bits. We generally address the memory spaces in terms of bytes and it forms the smallest addressable unit of memory space that is been used in computer related technologies. It is referred as ‘B’ in the digital electronics and we should note that it forms the different notion from that of a bit. So an eight-bit can also be called as a byte or simply with ‘B’.

Notions for Bits and Bytes:
We shall write the above-mentioned notions here, to understand it better.

1 bit = is denoted as ‘b’.
For example, it can be written as 1 b.
It’s bit length = 1.
1 Byte = 8 bits is denoted as ‘B’.
It’s bit length = 8.

The capitalisation of alphabets means a lot in these notions. A bit is simply written as ‘b’ whereas a byte is written as ‘B’. As already noted, what they are and what values they can hold. The letter ‘m’ here means Mega. The value 10is noted simply as Mega so that we can use it in our digital computations with better understandings. When we find a notion as ‘mb’, it means megabits and ‘MB’ means Mega Bytes. So noting the capitalisation of the betters can mean a lot.

The abbreviation ‘mbps’ means megabits per second and it is always used to denote the speed of transmissions. You might have heard it when you opted for a broadband connection. This is what you are sold your broadband on and what you are sold and what you get are two very different things. You can always check the download and upload speeds you are getting online.

Hopefully this will arm you with the information to help you make better decisions in understanding the differences between mbps and mb.

How to improve Free Wi-Fi – and what does it actually mean?

It’s interesting to see the new fleet of buses in Southampton that quite rightly offer Free Wi-Fi on each of their vehicles.

Whilst this may quite useful for the people sat in the city’s frustratingly busy corridors of travel, what intrigued our Geekabit team the most was the branding surrounding this.

Each of the vehicles is clearly labelled as free ‘4G Wi-Fi’. This got us thinking as we sat wondering how long it would take to get anywhere – “does anyone care if the Wi-Fi is powered by 4G?”. Additionally, do half the people even know what that means? 4G internet may be the source of the internet on that particular bus, but what does it mean to the average consumer?

We see “Free Wi-Fi” posters and signs across Europe now as standard, and although it can be a big draw, there does need to be some consideration over exactly what they mean.

Sat writing this in a coffee shop offering such a facility (I’m glad you’ve now got Wi-Fi Coffee #1), can we please consider a few things?

1) Terrible experiences lead to loss of customers – I am connected to my 4G iPhone, as I know it will work. I can’t trust the Wi-Fi here. For people with significantly less data allowances, I can see them changing to a venue where we know it will work properly.

2) If you promise free Wi-Fi, then make sure it’s easily accessible – confusing and broken captive portals that need your waist measurement are frustrating for everyone.

3) Free Wi-Fi in a venue means that – everywhere. Make sure it works in every nook and cranny, not just one end of your coffee shop, bar or restaurant. You can’t do this by hiding an access point in a back room or under the counter.

One of the biggest frustrations, and let downs with the technology, is the over-marketing and over-promise of free internet wherever you go. If you’re intending to offer this service, be clear what you mean, and make sure that it is as faultless as possible.

If we continue to let people down with Wi-Fi, then they will slowly learn to not trust the technology, and migrate to the 4G and 5G platforms as quickly as they can.

Wi-Fi Site Surveys are important in pubs too

Today is Blue Monday as we understand it, the day when all credit card bills get paid, and we are all at our most saddest post-christmas. Which is a shame!

January is a great month for enjoying all the greatest UK traditions – reading large newspapers, country walks and finding a great pub for an English roast (always with a Yorkshire pudding, always).

Steve, our founder, took the opportunity to spend Sunday afternoon in the heart of the New Forest in Southern England, near Southampton. Taking to a country pub in the middle of nowhere, surrounding purely by ponies and bushes, there was an open plain, and very little sign of life.

Little sign of life is often accompanied by a distinct lack of connectivity, and indeed phone signal, which was the perfect place to inject a little Wi-Fi to improve the pub experience for those who wish to remain in contact.

Apart from the marketing benefits of allowing you to share your meal and friendship with the rest of the world, it’s also good to have a connection so you know people can get in touch with you if needed. It makes everything all the more relaxed.

wififorpubs

Being the Wi-Fi experts that we are, Steve was intrigued to see how the Wi-Fi in this venue would perform whilst waiting for his roast.

Noting three access points in two very small rooms, which made little sense considering the model and manufacturer of equipment that had been chosen (with the likely number of connections), it was interesting to measure the response.

Initially the captive portal login took over a minute to load (terrible user experience), and it forced Steve to enter over 6 different bits of information, with some very strong user validation, and then about another minute to authenticate and connect.
Eventually, we have Wi-Fi. Which kept on ‘dropping out’ and we suspect the iPhones that we tested it in were trying to connect to the furthest away access point.

It’s important to really think about the number of access points needed, to perform a site survey to check signal strengths and ensure, that even with little interference from surrounding properties, that there is no interference from other devices. Perhaps the over-powered microwaves in the kitchen, the credit card machine Wi-Fi connection and the like had something to do with it.

Additionally, even when trying to pay the bill on the remote credit card machine, it had trouble connecting via the Wi-Fi, despite the fact we were sat underneath it.

Installing more access points and hoping for the best rarely works, it is always worth calling the experts.

UPS for Wi-Fi – what happens when the power goes out?

We wondered through the streets of Soho on Friday night deep in the middle of the famous London powercut of Black Friday 2016.

Meandering through familiar streets, restaurants and bars lit purely by candlelight, people spilling out over pavements and talking with strangers who had only just met each other – it was quite a sight.

But it also caused a massive spike in the use of mobile data networks, perhaps people all wanting to tweet the news of the lack of juice in the lamp-posts? More likely, suddenly users realised they weren’t connected to their local, regular Wi-Fi networks in their pubs, offices and neighbourhoods.

Have you considered what happens to your users when the power goes out? How important is access to your internet connection both wired and wireless? Can your support or customer service department afford to have the downtime?

These are all questions we ask when planning new Wi-Fi network installations in London, Cardiff and Hampshire, helping our users to understand the resilience of their networks and which bits are truly vital for 24hr a day operation.

For a business of any size, it is worth considering where you need to ensure the power never goes out, and additionally where it would be quite nice to be disconnected for a few hours.

Change your access point channel
How smart is your access point?

If you live in an area saturated in Wi-Fi signals being broadcast from a multitude of different homes and businesses, it’s really interesting to note how modern day, smart access points start to react.

You’ll suddenly see your fast Wi-Fi slow right down, with pages, video and imagery taking ages to load, when only half an hour before it was running smoothly and quickly. Welcome to the world of interference.

When focussing specifically at the crowded 2.4GHz space, you’ll notice that access points (such as your BT Broadband router) will frequently change the channel it is working on, several times an hour, fighting to find the quietest channel to operate on.

These changes don’t happen very quickly, and you’ll begin to notice a lag in the internet speed. Your access point/router is re-configuring itself. Lucky thing, but what about you and your users?
Fixing your channel manually to the quietest and less crowded channel is the best solution. Very few times do automated setups for Wi-Fi products make the most sense. In this instance, automatic is not smartest!

If every other business or home in the local area uses the same or similar product, then there’s a high chance that every access point is playing this game, jumping around all over the place fighting for the same space. It’s a game that will never end.

Maybe work together with your neighbours, bring down the power of each broadcast signal so it doesn’t bleed across properties and offices, and choose fixed channels to begin to give everyone a better experience of Wi-Fi.

Interference doesn’t need to be an issue with a little smart setup of your products and working together for a better future.

If you need assistance in your business in London, Cardiff or Hampshire, our team of Wi-Fi Experts at Geekabit will be delighted to work with you to find the solution.

Awards Season for Geekabit

The Geekabit team have been hard at work throughout the start of Autumn as the awards and event season kicks off in full swing, bringing connectivity to the those being crowned captains of their industries and clubs.

We’ve been working in a huge number of venues in London, Birmingham and around Southern England helping our clients who specialise in charity auctions, powered by iPads and other devices, to install and deliver solid networks over the course of each event.

Working in different venues on a regular basis means we have to conduct full site surveys to ensure the guaranteed connectivity of the network, and introduces us to nightly challenges installing temporary networks.

On top of our work in festival fields and outside on the roofs of many public buildings, working within city centre hotel locations brings many challenges – not least the competing installed networks as well as interference from a large number of external sources.

If you’re looking for a temporary internet connection or Wi-Fi network in London, Cardiff, South Wales or Hampshire, why not speak to our team of experts who will be delighted to create a unique solution for your needs.IMG_4388

Fixing Wi-Fi in London, Hampshire and South Wales

When we mention what our team does, although “Fixing and Installing Wi-Fi” sounds pretty geeky, you’ll soon find that a small crowd forms around us. Literally everywhere.

Wherever we go and whoever we see, everyone at some point has an issue with Wi-Fi. It’s now almost (or should be) ubiquitous in society, and yet there are so many people who have issues, without understanding at all what is going on.

Often the fixes are relatively simple and today’s big “calamity” can be easily resolved with a brief visit.

What gets our teams in Hampshire, London and Cardiff really turned on though is not the knowledge or the skill of understanding the issue, but getting down on the ground at one of our clients, setting to work measuring and reading all the different environments that are going on.

It really, really excites us. We will go above and beyond to make sure we find out what is going on, and spend a huge amount of time on roofs, up ladders, out in the rain, digging up fields and running up and down stairs, just to make sure that simple thing works seamlessly “connecting to Wi-Fi”.

And our business growing, due to our passions. We’ve opened offices in London and Cardiff after starting in Hampshire a few years ago, and we’re proud to be specialists.

We know that when people call, they have a real need. And we have a huge passion to solve that.

The Wi-Fi Art to Cabling

The one major disadvantage of working in Wi-Fi is that you end up coming into contact with a lot of cabling. An awful lot of cabling.

People are often surprised at the kilometres of cabling that we install each month, considering our love and passion for the art of good Wi-Fi. But cabling is our necessary evil.

We’ve developed partnerships with a number of elite data cabling manufacturers, with a number of accreditations being undertaken to ensure we are at the forefront of techniques and new technologies.

But, along the way, we bump into installations that are the stuff of nightmares – cabling nightmares that wake us up in the night sweating.

When initially installing a data network, everyone involved sets off with the best of intentions. It looks beautiful, all cables are routed, labelled and numbered, with little slack and all coming from the same source. Cable ties are a plenty, and it is the OCD stuff of dreams.

But, then, something goes wrong, other suppliers get involved, and everything begins to go awry. And then another thing happens, more people come and put new cables over the top, broken boxes are left in the rack powered off, and cables ends are left to sway in the breeze of the nearest air conditioning unit.

When that happens, and it inevitably does, our work diagnosing issues is made so much more difficult. It can take hours sorting through cable racks and channels figuring out where something should go. Absolute hours – and it can all be avoided.

Good cable management saves time, reduces the amount of equipment (and therefore electricity) permanently powered on, and makes finding issues so much quicker.

A little bit of tidying never hurt anyone.